Meaning of Runoff Hydrograph: Hydrograph is a graphical or tabular presentation of instantaneous runoff/discharge rate against time. I. relevo da topografia. Correct! Flood hydrographs are graphs that show how a drainage basin responds to a period of rainfall. Learning goals Knowledge To know what a flood hydrograph is Understanding To understand the factors affecting hydrograph shape Skills Use key words to describe a flood hydrograph Hydrograph interpretation. A circular shaped drainage basin leads to rapid drainage whereas a long drainage basin will take time for the water to reach the river. Impermeable rock types. Steep rising and recessinal limb; Short lag time; Due to: Urbanisation- impermeable surface, such as concrete, tarmac, therefore increases overland flow. River Discharge | A Level Geography Revision Notes Circular hydrographs are more likely to have flashy hydrographs. Chuva contínua. Factors affecting flood risk and hydrographs. Component Parts of A Storm Hydrograph Peak rainfall - time of the highest rainfall level. PDF Flood Estimation by Unit Hydrograph Techniques •Among the Metrologic characteristics the most important are the rainfall intensity, duration. Lesson 6 factors affecting discharge (hydrographs) . Study Factors Affecting The Hydrological Cycle flashcards from hannah s's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Rainfall hyetograph creates a discharge hydrograph at the receiving stream or . Straight Line Method II. only the small storm hydrographs were changed in shape. Factors affecting the shape of a hydrograph | Mind Map Storm hydrographs' shape depends on physical features of drainage basins (size, shape, drainage density, rock type, soil, relief and vegetation) as well as human factors (land use and vegetation) (P: the role of planners in managing land use) Whereas river regimes are usually graphed over the period of a year, storm . The steeper the basin the more quickly it drains. relief of the topography. The hydrograph continues to rise at a very steep rate till peak point B is reached. Good try, you could do with revising this area a bit more though. Area that have been urbanised result in an in crease in the use of impermeable building materials. Wrong! COMPONENT PARTS OF A STORM HYDROGRAPH shows a hydrograph for any isolated duration of rainfall. Physical factors are the biotic factors which affect organisms and their surroundings, their surroundings in this case being the drainage basin and therefore the storm hydrograph is affected. Fatores Físicos que Influenciam a Dinâmica da Forma de Hidrografias de Inundação. Lag time. fortes tempestades. Factors affecting the hydrograph include: drainage area, slope, roughness, storage, drainage density, channel length, and antecedent moisture conditions. A storm hydrograph/flood hydrograph is a graph showing the relationship between rainwater and discharge in a river. Area that have been urbanised result in an in crease in the use of impermeable building materials. Precipitation 2. A hydrograph. vegetation. (Roughly) Circular shapes are common as are more elongated and narrow shapes. Rainfall - The higher the amount of rainfall, the greater the discharge. Heavy rain falling on a soil which is saturated from a previous period of wet weather. Shape of Basin. Image demonstrating the difference between the hydrographs for elongated and circular drainage basins. Contents hide 1 How do physical factors affect storm hydrographs? The shape of a hydrograph is altered by a few different things. ADVERTISEMENTS: The factors affecting the runoff are as follows: 1. . Discharge is the water flowing in a river in a given unit of time. Factors Affecting Hydrograph Shape Hydrograph shape depends on Metrologic and catchment characteristics. Flood Hydrograph. This is the main human impact on a storm hydrograph by reducing lag time and increasing peak discharge. •What factors affect the shape of a hydrograph. Use the slides to fully annotate your own copy of the storm hydrograph. Factors affecting flood risk and hydrographs. Drainage basin - big basin = greater discharge, elongated basin = steady discharge, large and symmetrical basin = flashy discharge. Factors affecting the shape of a hydrograph: Drainage basin size - large basins have high peak discharges (as they catch more precipitation) and longer lag times because the water takes longer to reach the rivers. In the fan-shaped basin, the time taken for water to reach the outlet from remote parts is almost similar. Shape. Drainage systems that have been created by humans lead to a short lag time and high peak discharge as water cannot evaporate or infiltrate into the soil. Factors Affecting the Storm Hydrograph. 2. main purpose = record how a river responds to precipitation. Topography & relief. What is a "river regime"? Peak discharge. You have a good understanding of this area of geography. The separation of hydrograph components is done by one of the following four methods [8]. Factors affecting the storm hydrograph. These include: 1. Human Factors Affecting Storm Hydrographs Drainage systems that have been created by humans lead to a short lag time and high peak discharge as water cannot evaporate or infiltrate into the soil. of runoff and that time factors affecting hydrograph shape are constant. . What factors affect a storm hydrograph? Hey guys, I've listed out some of the key definitions of a hydrograph, as well as the different characteristics of a hydrograph and labelled versions of hydrographs. Factors affecting Hydrograph a. Drainage systems that have been created by humans lead to a short lag time and high peak discharge as water cannot evaporate or infiltrate into the soil. RE-CAP QUESTIONS FOR HYDROGRAPHS Look at the Hydrograph in front of you and answer the following questions. Heavy Storms. Understand how factors like vegetation, land use, water abstraction and dams can affect the hydrograph of a river. river discharge and. Factorsaffectingthe hydrograph The intensity and duration of the storm-If both are high they produce a steep rising limb as the infiltration capacity of the soil is exceeded. FACTORS AFFECTING HYDROGRAPH SHAPE •Hydrograph shape depends on Metrologic and catchment characteristics. flood hydrographs. Vegetation Cover. Weather & Climate. Important characteristics are . Area that have been urbanised result in an in crease in the use of impermeable building materials. Factors affecting hydrographs such like Area and Shape, Land use and Deforestation have been elaborated . Storm flow. 4.2.1 Factors affecting hydrograph shape. Physical factors affecting storm hydrographs. After this flood discharge starts receding. Drainage basins come in a wide assortment of shapes. Physical Factors Influencing the Dynamics of Flood Hydrographies Form. [] Relief or gradient of the areThe steeper the slopes, the lower the rate of infiltration and faster the rate of run-off when the soil is saturated (saturated overland flow) or when rainfall intensity (rate per unit of time) is high (infiltration excess over land flow). Some factors affecting job satisfaction research papers crevice-nesting species, including ashy storm-petrel , pigeon guillemot , Eurasian eagle-owl and Hume's tawny owl , lay their eggs in the relative shelter of a crevice in the rocks or a gap between boulders, but provide no additional nest material. Climatic factors: Among the climatic factors the intensity , duration and direction of storm movement are the three important ones affecting the shape of a flood hydrograph. Rock type. Antecedent rainfall- if the land is already saturated, there is less inflation and more overland flow; Number of tributaries in drainage basin Human Factors Affecting Storm Hydrographs Drainage systems that have been created by humans lead to a short lag time and high peak discharge as water cannot evaporate or infiltrate into the soil. Human Activity. . FACTORS AFFECTING UNIT HYDROGRAPH SHAPE...9 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNIT HYDROGRAPH AND THE DISTRIBUTION . Lesson 6 factors affecting discharge (hydrographs) 1. Lengthy rainfall. Antecedent conditions - wet conditions before a storm cause the ground to become . Subject: Hydrographs Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:08:39 +0800 . Find the ordinates of storm hydrograph, representing total discharge Q at a rate . Explanation. Learn faster with spaced repetition. duration, high-intensity storm and the peak discharge of the corresponding runoff. 2. 2. Factors affecting the shape of a hydrograph Climatic factors 1. year ten - rivers - hydrographs. Physical factors affecting flood hydrograph dynamics. Dinesh vv. The shape of a hydrograph is altered by a few different things. These include: Drainage systems that have been created by humans lead to a short lag time and high peak discharge as water cannot evaporate or infiltrate into the soil. Factors affecting the shape of a hydrograph. Factors affecting the storm hydrograph storage of water in reservoirs decreases discharge. Factors affecting Storm Hydrographs: Flashy Response. The opening quote is Willy reflecting on . Snowfall. The Drainage Basin. Factors affecting the shape of the breach hydrograph Physical factors affecting storm hydrographs Large drainage basins catch more precipitation so have a higher peak discharge compared to smaller basins. Affect volume of runoff, the occurrence of peak flow, duration of surface flow 2 Unit-III 1) Runoff: Runoff, sources and component, classification of streams, factors affecting runoff, Estimation Methods. Having discussed the concept of a hydrograph, it is important also to outline some of the factors that affect its shape. 2. . Seasonal Hydrograph. Start studying Factors affecting river discharge: the storm hydrograph. A circular shaped drainage basin leads to rapid drainage whereas a long drainage basin will take time for the water to reach the river. In other words, the total hydrograph of surface runoff is the sum of the surface runoff produced shows . Base Flow Separation. Factors Affecting the Shape 4. homem de pedra. Factors affecting river regimes: precipitation including storm hydrographs, temperature, vegetation, land-use, water abstraction, dams. Recession Curve Equation 1.6. . Uma área de captação circular resulta em drenagem rápida, enquanto uma área de bacia longa leva tempo para a água chegar ao rio. The volume represented by the hydrograph is the storage volume of the reservoir released during the breach. 2. Factor # 1. 2. Components of Hydrograph 3. More the intensity, more will […] The lag time can be short or long depending on different factors: . Although a decrease in lag time showed that the average storm hydrograph was shifted forward in time. Differentiated resource for teaching students how different factors affect the shape of a flood/storm hydrograph. hydrographs • Sediment ponds - water volume and hydrographs Factors Affecting Runoff • Rainfall - The duration of the storm and the distribution of the rainfall during the storm are the two major factors affecting the peak rate of runoff. FactorsAffectingThe Shape ofThe Flood Hydrograph: The factors affecting the shape of the flood hydrograph can mainly due to: Climatic Factors Physical Factors For a given duration, the peak and volume of the surface runoff are essentially proportional to the rainfall intensity. There are multiple factors affecting the discharge and discharge rate of a river, particularly after a high amount of rainfall. Form of precipitation. Heavy rain falling on a soil which is saturated from a previous period of wet weather. Measurement of discharge of a stream by Area-slope and Area-velocity methods. The storm hydrograph is mainly used to observe discharges for given storm events. These include: 1. In addition to the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall, the physical features of the watershed also control the shape of the runoff hydrograph. Shape of the basin . We speculate that the rate of delivery of water to the stream channel during large channel-forming flows was governed by infiltration and subsurface flow rates on the 85 % of the watershed . A dam breach hydrograph represents the sudden release of water from the impoundment due to a breach, followed by the draining of the reservoir. Wrong! such as granite & clay - tend to have higher drainage densities. They show the river discharge that occurs as a result of precipitation from an earlier storm. • Its time to peak, t p, is located at approximately 20% of its time base, and an inflection point at 1.7 t p • The time is usually expressed in hours and the discharge in cumec or cm • Watershed response • Hydrograph • Elements and characteristics of flood hydrograph • Factors affecting hydrograph shape • Base flow separation . Peak discharge. Monthly Hydrograph. I have described above mentioned types of hydrograph in brief: 1. What is the relationship is between precipitation and runoff? Geographical Characteristics 4. Factors Affecting a Storm Hydrograph. Continued rain. 2) Hydrograph: Flood hydrographs and its components, Base flow & Base flow separation, S-Curve technique, unit hydrograph, synthetic hydrograph. Meaning of Runoff Hydrograph 2. It is drawn to show how a river reacts to an individual storm. not affected by concurrent runoff resulting from other portions of the storm. The range of characteristics can affect how likely a river within the basin will flood. what two variables do Hydrographs compare? The time distribution of runoff (the shape of the hydrograph) is influenced by climatic, topographic and geological factors. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Factors affecting the drainage basin and storm hydrographs 1 Deforestion 1.1 Less trees means less of the water is intercepted or absorbed by trees for evapotranspiration • Soil conditions - antecedent moisture . queda de neve. Geography: Storm Hydrograph and Factors Affecting It. Well done! Storm flow. https://youtu.be/Cwc031s6vDA Factors affecting flood hydrograph . Duration of the rainfall of given intensity directly effects the A is the point from which hydrograph starts rising. Human Factors Affecting Storm Hydrographs. This will greatly reduce both the response time and lag time. One factor is the shape of the drainage basin. Factors Affecting Runoff: There are two broad categories of factors that control runoff: rainfall (storm) characteristics and watershed physical conditions. Contents hide 1 Como os fatores físicos afetam os hidrogramas de . ; Drainage Density = (Total Length of Channels/Catchment Area) Factors affecting Hydrograph: a) Shape of catchment: Hydrograph from a catchment with a broader end near the outlet has a higher and early peak. Factors affecting shape of hydrograph •Climatic factors -Form of precipitation •Rainfall and snow fall -rainfall tends to produce runoff rapidly generating hydrograph with high peak and narrow base -Rainfall Intensity •Affect volume of runoff , occurrence of peak flow, duration of surface flow •Higher the intensity quicker the . strong storms. Factors affecting Hydrographs / Lag Time The shape of a hydrograph is determined by the speed in which flood waters are able to reach the river. There are a number of human factors that influence the state of a storm hydrograph. Correct! 2 What. Precipitation: Since by far the largest portion of precipitation occurs as rain, and the rainfall directly affects soil erosion, the characteristics of rainstorm and intensity, duration and frequency of rainfall are of interest in describing […] This resource is suitable for students studying . The regime of a river is the way in which the discharge of the river changes over time or in the course of the year. This is the most important factor on which runoff depends. The vodeo below explains the storm hydrograph and the factors affecting its shape. Computation of runoff from storm hydrograph. Precipitation. 5. 5.3C Storm Hydrographs. Storm Hydrographs Cause of Floods. Hydrographs. A circular catchment area results in rapid drainage, while a long basin area takes time for the water to reach the river. Other Factors. Appendix 16B Dimensionless Unit Hydrographs with Peak Rate 16B-1 Factors from 100 to 600 . Factors affecting Storm Hydrographs Enquiry Question 1 Key Ideas: What physical and human factors affect a storm hydrograph? Drainage Net 6. Antecedent rainfall. 1. Hydrographs The hydrograph of this kind which results due to an isolated storm is typically single-peaked skew distribution of discharge and is known . so, it is distributed over a short time and has a high peak. Drainage basins with steep sides tend to have shorter lag times than shallower basins. 5 marks Base flow-Before a storm the river's main source of water is groundwater. These include: 1. Drainage density: It is defined as the sum of lengths of all the streams divided by the catchment area. Explain the physical factors of the area that you would expect with this type of hydrograph. Describe and account for the changes in discharge for this flood hydrograph 5 marks. Since hydrographs of previous storm events are seldom available for small watersheds, estimates . Meteorological Characteristics 5. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Storm Hydroqraph Peak discharge 10 1200 Bankfull discharge — the height at which a nood could occur — variable from river to nver Good try, you could do with revising this area a bit more though. Urbanisation and deforestation both increase discahrge. AB limb of the hydrograph is called rising limb […] 1 discharge is the velocity of the. Antecedent rainfall. Unit Hydrograph: A unit hydrograph is a direct runoff hydrograph that is a result of one unit (one inch or one cm) of constant intensity uniform rainfall occurring over the entire watershed. This type of hydrograph is known as a storm or flood hydrograph and it is generally drawn with two vertical axes. Drainage systems that have been created by humans lead to a short lag time and high peak discharge as water cannot evaporate or infiltrate into the soil. Components of a Hydrograph (i) the rising limb, Factors Affecting a Storm Hydrograph The Drainage Basin. Hydrographs. To interpret a storm hydrograph, a geographer needs a clear understanding of the influence of the factors which affect the volume, and timing of river discharge. Drainage basin slope gradient - steep basins have high peak discharges and short lag time because the water travels faster downhill. 5 flood defence/prevention systems. Tarmac increases overland flow because it is an impervious surface, and deforestation decreases interception. Exam questions on storm hydrographs are frequently set, as they let examiners test understanding of many aspects of hydrology. D = Distance, T = Time, Rb = Bifurcation ration (the greater the bifurcation ratio the greater the risk of flooding. For a circular drainage basin, the river's . 4 river basin management. Impermeable rock types. Factors Affecting Runoff The principal factors affecting the flow from a catchment area are: Precipitation Characteristics. They are used to plan for flood situations and times of drought. Rainfall and snow fall -rainfall tends to produce runoff rapidly generating hydrograph with high peak and narrow base; 2. Important rainfall characteristics include duration, amount, intensity and distribution. such as granite & clay - tend to have higher drainage densities. 2 factors affecting storm hydrograph shape. Source: physicalgeography.net. Vegetation. 2. There are a range of human factors that affect the shape of a storm hydrograph. A storm hydrograph shows variation in a river's discharge (or channel flow) within a short period of time. Factors affecting the shape of a hydrograph. Thereof, what factors affect the shape of a storm hydrograph? vegetação. It only focuses on discharge during a storm event. Human factors affecting storm hydrographs. 2. Among the Fixed Base Length Method III. rock man. • Watershed changes over time affect hydrographs • A unit hydrograph captures a normalized basin response useful for predicting future storm events Human Factors Affecting Storm Hydrographs 1. Sometimes, it is also known as storm hydrograph, flood hydrograph or simply hydrograph. 2. snowfall. You have a good understanding of this area of geography. 1 river discharge and flood hydrographs. 13 Precipitation: The runoff is clearly a function of precipitation, its intensity, its duration and its coverage. 3 the river tees - a case study. The rainfall amount affects the volume of runoff. Variable Slope Method IV. A hydrograph shows two graphs - a bar chart showing rainfall, usually from a storm and a line graph showing discharge from before, during and after the rain storm shown in the bar graph. Key Terms Storm hydrograph Shows how a river changes over a short period, such as a day or a couple of days. Factor # 1. GCSE geography project on factors which affect hydrographs. Storm hydrographs are very important in predicting the flood risk and in making the necessary precautions to avoid damage to property and loss of life. Produces steep rising limb. Rising limb Sows how quickly the discharge in the river rises. A Geography teacher specialising in Key Stage 3 (11+) and Key Stage 4 - GCSE and IGCSE (9-1) resource creation compatible with the UK National Curriculum and all major exam boards. second (cumec). Well done! Soil & Rock Type. storm will produce a rapid rise in the hydrograph and a higher peak than that in case of a low intensity rainfall. A hydrograph may be used to show how the water flow in a drainage basin (particularly river runoff) responds to a period of rain. Peak discharge - time of the highest . (b) Compactness factors: It is defined as the ratio of perimeter of . The antecedent rainfall-Heavy rain falling on a soil which is saturated from a previous period of wet weather will produce a steep rising limb. Storm Hydrographs. Size and Shape of the Catchment Area 3. What are the factors that affect the hydrograph of a river? There is a range of human factors that affect the shape of a storm hydrograph. Hydrographs . Factors Effecting Storm Hydrographs Permeable and Impermeable Rock: If a drainage basin has a large amount of impermeable rock, then there will be less infiltration and more surface run-off. Start studying Factors affecting the hydrograph. ADVERTISEMENTS: Factors affecting runoff may be divided into those associated with the precipitation, and the watershed characteristics. Drainage Density . In the elongated basins, the time taken to reach output from remote parts is different. Why is a storm hydrograph useful? The nature of the drainage basin therefore has a great influence on the way a river responds to a river as it will determine the types and speeds of the flow of water to the river. Human Factors Affecting Storm Hydrographs . Let's take a look at these different flood hydrograph dynamics. Human Factors Affecting Storm Hydrographs There is a range of human factors that affect the shape of a storm hydrograph. Produces steep rising limb. Flood Hydrographs. Lag time. 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